Running on Empty by Jackson Browne
Piano chords, voicings & structure breakdown · 64 steps · 8 unique chords · 1970s
D/A
Whole song transcribed by
Harmonic Analysis & Structure
Overview
Key: A major · Chords used: 8 · Sections: 13
Form: Intro → Verse → Chorus → Verse → Chorus → Solo → Bridge → Bridge → Verse → Chorus → Verse → Outro → Outro
Where these chords come from: an expert transcription of the original recording made for the McGill Billboard Project (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011). This page shows that transcription as-is: the analysis below is generated directly from it by code, not written by AI. Consecutive repeats of a chord are shown once, and the piano voicings are our playable arrangement of each chord symbol, not a note-for-note transcription.
Section by section
Intro
- D/A – A (×3)
IV⁶₄ – I - F♯m – D – A/C♯ – E
vi – IV – I⁶ – V
Verse 1
- D/A – A (×6)
IV⁶₄ – I - D – A/C♯ – E
IV – I⁶ – V
Chorus 1
- D/A – A (×3)
IV⁶₄ – I - F♯m
vi
Verse 2
Same chords as Verse 1.
Chorus 2
Same chords as Chorus 1.
Solo
- D/A – A (×3)
IV⁶₄ – I - F♯m – D – A/C♯ – E
vi – IV – I⁶ – V
Bridge 1
- F♯m – D – E – A – F♯m – E – D – A – F♯m – D – E – A
vi – IV – V – I – vi – V – IV – I – vi – IV – V – I
Bridge 2
- D – E – D – A/C♯ – Bm – A – F♯m – F♯m/E
IV – V – IV – I⁶ – ii – I – vi – vi (bass E)
Verse 3
Same chords as Verse 1.
Chorus 3
Same chords as Chorus 1.
Verse 4
- D/A – A (×2)
IV⁶₄ – I
Outro 1
- D – E – D – A/C♯ – Bm – A – F♯m – F♯m/E (×2)
IV – V – IV – I⁶ – ii – I – vi – vi (bass E) - D – E – D – A/C♯ – Bm – A
IV – V – IV – I⁶ – ii – I
Outro 2
- D/A – A (×14)
IV⁶₄ – I - D – E – D – A/C♯ – Bm – A
IV – V – IV – I⁶ – ii – I
Chord vocabulary
| Chord | Roman numeral | Role | Heard in |
|---|---|---|---|
| D/A | IV⁶₄ | In the key | Intro, Verse, Chorus, Solo, Outro |
| A | I | Home chord (tonic) | Intro, Verse, Chorus, Solo, Bridge, Outro |
| F♯m | vi | In the key | Intro, Chorus, Solo, Bridge, Outro |
| D | IV | In the key | Intro, Verse, Solo, Bridge, Outro |
| A/C♯ | I⁶ | Home chord (tonic) | Intro, Verse, Solo, Bridge, Outro |
| E | V | In the key | Intro, Verse, Solo, Bridge, Outro |
| Bm | ii | In the key | Bridge, Outro |
| F♯m/E | vi (bass E) | In the key | Bridge, Outro |
Sources & accuracy
- Chords and sections: the McGill Billboard Project (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011). Expert transcription by trained musicians (song 1155, CC0), via ChoCo.
- Not verified: only one expert transcription of this song is available so far.
- Rhythm and chord durations aren't shown; each step is one chord change.
Sources & Accuracy
Every chord on this page comes from the expert transcription listed first below. Piano voicings are our arrangement of the reported chord symbols, not a note-for-note transcription.
- the McGill Billboard Project (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011)Expert transcription
Annotated from the original recording by trained musicians for a published research dataset.
Expert transcription by trained musicians (song 1155, CC0), via ChoCo.
All Piano Voicings
| # | Section | Chord | Left hand | Right hand | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Intro, part 1 (×3) | D/A | A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 2 | Intro, part 1 (×3) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 3 | Intro, part 2 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 4 | Intro, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 5 | Intro, part 2 | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 6 | Intro, part 2 | E | E2, B2 | G♯3, B3, E4 | — |
| 7 | Verse 1, part 1 (×6) | D/A | A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 8 | Verse 1, part 1 (×6) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 9 | Verse 1, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 10 | Verse 1, part 2 | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 11 | Verse 1, part 2 | E | E2, B2 | G♯3, B3, E4 | — |
| 12 | Chorus 1, part 1 (×3) | D/A | A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 13 | Chorus 1, part 1 (×3) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 14 | Chorus 1, part 2 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 15 | Solo, part 1 (×3) | D/A | A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 16 | Solo, part 1 (×3) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 17 | Solo, part 2 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 18 | Solo, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 19 | Solo, part 2 | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 20 | Solo, part 2 | E | E2, B2 | G♯3, B3, E4 | — |
| 21 | Bridge 1 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 22 | Bridge 1 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 23 | Bridge 1 | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 24 | Bridge 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 25 | Bridge 1 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | C♯4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 26 | Bridge 1 | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 27 | Bridge 1 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 28 | Bridge 1 | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 29 | Bridge 1 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 30 | Bridge 1 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 31 | Bridge 1 | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 32 | Bridge 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 33 | Bridge 2 | D | D2, A2 | D4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 34 | Bridge 2 | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 35 | Bridge 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 36 | Bridge 2 | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 37 | Bridge 2 | Bm | B1, F♯2 | B3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 38 | Bridge 2 | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 39 | Bridge 2 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 40 | Bridge 2 | F♯m/E | E2 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 41 | Verse 4 (×2) | D/A | A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 42 | Verse 4 (×2) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 43 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 44 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 45 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 46 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 47 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | Bm | B1, F♯2 | B3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 48 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 49 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 50 | Outro 1, part 1 (×2) | F♯m/E | E2 | A3, C♯4, F♯4 | — |
| 51 | Outro 1, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 52 | Outro 1, part 2 | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 53 | Outro 1, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 54 | Outro 1, part 2 | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 55 | Outro 1, part 2 | Bm | B1, F♯2 | B3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 56 | Outro 1, part 2 | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 57 | Outro 2, part 1 (×14) | D/A | A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 58 | Outro 2, part 1 (×14) | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 59 | Outro 2, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 60 | Outro 2, part 2 | E | E2, B2 | B3, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 61 | Outro 2, part 2 | D | D2, A2 | A3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 62 | Outro 2, part 2 | A/C♯ | C♯2 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |
| 63 | Outro 2, part 2 | Bm | B1, F♯2 | B3, D4, F♯4 | — |
| 64 | Outro 2, part 2 | A | A2, E3 | A3, C♯4, E4 | — |