White Christmas by Bing Crosby
Piano chords, voicings & structure breakdown · 107 steps · 31 unique chords · 1960s
A/E
Whole song transcribed by
Harmonic Analysis & Structure
Overview
Key: A major · Chords used: 31 · Sections: 5
Form: Intro → Theme → Theme → Theme → Theme
Where these chords come from: an expert transcription of the original recording made for the McGill Billboard Project (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011). This page shows that transcription as-is: the analysis below is generated directly from it by code, not written by AI. Consecutive repeats of a chord are shown once, and the piano voicings are our playable arrangement of each chord symbol, not a note-for-note transcription.
Section by section
Intro
- A/E – C♯m7/E – Cdim – Aadd9/E – A/E – C♯m7/E – Cdim – Bm7/E
I⁶₄ – iii⁶₅ – biii° – Iadd9 (bass E) – I⁶₄ – iii⁶₅ – biii° – ii7 (bass E)
Theme 1
- A – D/A – A – G♯/A – A – Bm – D♯dim/E – E7 – Bm7 – Bm7/D – E7 – A – E7 – G♯/A – A – Bm7 – E7 – A – A9 – A7♭9 – Dmaj7 – Dmaj13 – F♯m – F♯m7 – B7 – E7sus4 – E7
I – IV⁶₄ – I – VII (bass A) – I – ii – #iv° (bass E) – V7 – ii7 – ii⁶₅ – V7 – I – V7 – VII (bass A) – I – ii7 – V7 – I – I9 – I7b9 – IVmaj7 – IVmaj13 – vi – vi7 – II7 – V7sus4 – V7
Theme 2
- A7 – D/A – A – G♯/A – A – Bm – D♯dim/E – E7 – Bm7 – Bm7/D – E7 – A – G♯/A – A – Bm7 – E7 – A – A9 – A7♭9 – Dmaj7 – Dm – A – A7 – D – E7♭9 – A – C♯m7 – F♯m7 – E7/B – B♭
I7 – IV⁶₄ – I – VII (bass A) – I – ii – #iv° (bass E) – V7 – ii7 – ii⁶₅ – V7 – I – VII (bass A) – I – ii7 – V7 – I – I9 – I7b9 – IVmaj7 – iv – I – I7 – IV – V7b9 – I – iii7 – vi7 – V⁴₃ – bII
Theme 3
- A – D/A – A – G♯/A – A – Bm7 – D♯dim/E – E7 – Bm7 – D – E7 – A – G♯/A – A – A7 – D – Dmaj13 – A – Asus4 – A – B7 – E7
I – IV⁶₄ – I – VII (bass A) – I – ii7 – #iv° (bass E) – V7 – ii7 – IV – V7 – I – VII (bass A) – I – I7 – IV – IVmaj13 – I – Isus4 – I – II7 – V7
Theme 4
- A – D/A – A – G♯/A – A – Bm7 – D♯dim/E – E7 – Bm7 – D – E7 – A – G♯/A – A – A7 – D – Dmmaj7 – A – E7 – A6
I – IV⁶₄ – I – VII (bass A) – I – ii7 – #iv° (bass E) – V7 – ii7 – IV – V7 – I – VII (bass A) – I – I7 – IV – ivmaj7 – I – V7 – I6
Chord vocabulary
| Chord | Roman numeral | Role | Heard in |
|---|---|---|---|
| A/E | I⁶₄ | Home chord (tonic) | Intro |
| C♯m7/E | iii⁶₅ | In the key | Intro |
| Cdim | biii° | Outside the key (chromatic) | Intro |
| Aadd9/E | Iadd9 (bass E) | Home chord (tonic) | Intro |
| Bm7/E | ii7 (bass E) | In the key | Intro |
| A | I | Home chord (tonic) | Theme |
| D/A | IV⁶₄ | In the key | Theme |
| G♯/A | VII (bass A) | Outside the key (chromatic) | Theme |
| Bm | ii | In the key | Theme |
| D♯dim/E | #iv° (bass E) | Outside the key (chromatic) | Theme |
| E7 | V7 | In the key | Theme |
| Bm7 | ii7 | In the key | Theme |
| Bm7/D | ii⁶₅ | In the key | Theme |
| A9 | I9 | Outside the key (chromatic) | Theme |
| A7♭9 | I7b9 | Secondary dominant (V/IV) | Theme |
| Dmaj7 | IVmaj7 | In the key | Theme |
| Dmaj13 | IVmaj13 | In the key | Theme |
| F♯m | vi | In the key | Theme |
| F♯m7 | vi7 | In the key | Theme |
| B7 | II7 | Secondary dominant (V/V) | Theme |
| E7sus4 | V7sus4 | In the key | Theme |
| A7 | I7 | Secondary dominant (V/IV) | Theme |
| Dm | iv | Borrowed from A minor | Theme |
| D | IV | In the key | Theme |
| E7♭9 | V7b9 | Borrowed from A minor | Theme |
| C♯m7 | iii7 | In the key | Theme |
| E7/B | V⁴₃ | In the key | Theme |
| B♭ | bII | Outside the key (chromatic) | Theme |
| Asus4 | Isus4 | Home chord (tonic) | Theme |
| Dmmaj7 | ivmaj7 | Outside the key (chromatic) | Theme |
| A6 | I6 | Home chord (tonic) | Theme |
Harmonic highlights
- Dm (iv) is borrowed from the parallel key, A minor.
- E7♭9 (V7b9) is borrowed from the parallel key, A minor.
- A7♭9 acts as V/IV: it resolves to Dmaj7.
- B7 acts as V/V: it resolves to E7sus4.
- A7 acts as V/IV: it resolves to D/A.
Sources & accuracy
- Chords and sections: the McGill Billboard Project (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011). Expert transcription by trained musicians (song 0241, CC0), via ChoCo.
- Not verified: only one expert transcription of this song is available so far.
- 1 chord was simplified to the closest symbol our player supports (for example, an unusual added tone dropped).
- Rhythm and chord durations aren't shown; each step is one chord change.
Sources & Accuracy
Every chord on this page comes from the expert transcription listed first below. Piano voicings are our arrangement of the reported chord symbols, not a note-for-note transcription.
- the McGill Billboard Project (Burgoyne, Wild & Fujinaga, 2011)Expert transcription
Annotated from the original recording by trained musicians for a published research dataset.
Expert transcription by trained musicians (song 0241, CC0), via ChoCo.
All Piano Voicings
| # | Section | Chord | Left hand | Right hand | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Intro | A/E | E2 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 2 | Intro | C♯m7/E | E2 | B3, C♯4, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 3 | Intro | Cdim | C2, C3 | C4, E♭4, G♭4 | — |
| 4 | Intro | Aadd9/E | E2 | B3, C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 5 | Intro | A/E | E2 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 6 | Intro | C♯m7/E | E2 | B3, C♯4, E4, G♯4 | — |
| 7 | Intro | Cdim | C2, C3 | C4, E♭4, G♭4 | — |
| 8 | Intro | Bm7/E | E2 | B3, D4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 9 | Theme 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 10 | Theme 1 | D/A | A2 | D4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 11 | Theme 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 12 | Theme 1 | G♯/A | A2 | B♯3, D♯4, G♯4 | — |
| 13 | Theme 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 14 | Theme 1 | Bm | B1, F♯2 | D4, F♯4, B4 | — |
| 15 | Theme 1 | D♯dim/E | E2 | D♯4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 16 | Theme 1 | E7 | E2, B2 | D4, G♯4, B4 | — |
| 17 | Theme 1 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | D4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 18 | Theme 1 | Bm7/D | D2 | B3, D4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 19 | Theme 1 | E7 | E2, B2 | B3, D4, G♯4 | — |
| 20 | Theme 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 21 | Theme 1 | E7 | E2, B2 | B3, D4, G♯4 | — |
| 22 | Theme 1 | G♯/A | A2 | B♯3, D♯4, G♯4 | — |
| 23 | Theme 1 | A | A2, E3 | C♯4, E4, A4 | — |
| 24 | Theme 1 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | D4, F♯4, A4 | — |
| 25 | Theme 1 | E7 | E2, B2 | D4, G♯4, B4 | — |
| 26 | Theme 1 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 27 | Theme 1 | A9 | A2, E3 | E4, G4, B4, C♯5 | — |
| 28 | Theme 1 | A7♭9 | A2, E3 | E4, G4, B♭4, C♯5 | — |
| 29 | Theme 1 | Dmaj7 | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 30 | Theme 1 | Dmaj13 | D2, A2 | E4, F♯4, B4, C♯5 | — |
| 31 | Theme 1 | F♯m | F♯2, C♯3 | F♯4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 32 | Theme 1 | F♯m7 | F♯2, C♯3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 33 | Theme 1 | B7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D♯5 | — |
| 34 | Theme 1 | E7sus4 | E2, B2 | A4, B4, D5 | — |
| 35 | Theme 1 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 36 | Theme 2 | A7 | A2, E3 | G4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 37 | Theme 2 | D/A | A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 38 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 39 | Theme 2 | G♯/A | A2 | D♯4, G♯4, B♯4 | — |
| 40 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 41 | Theme 2 | Bm | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 42 | Theme 2 | D♯dim/E | E2 | F♯4, A4, D♯5 | — |
| 43 | Theme 2 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 44 | Theme 2 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 45 | Theme 2 | Bm7/D | D2 | F♯4, A4, B4, D5 | — |
| 46 | Theme 2 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 47 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 48 | Theme 2 | G♯/A | A2 | G♯4, B♯4, D♯5 | — |
| 49 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 50 | Theme 2 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 51 | Theme 2 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 52 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 53 | Theme 2 | A9 | A2, E3 | G4, B4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 54 | Theme 2 | A7♭9 | A2, E3 | G4, B♭4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 55 | Theme 2 | Dmaj7 | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 56 | Theme 2 | Dm | D2, A2 | F4, A4, D5 | — |
| 57 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 58 | Theme 2 | A7 | A2, E3 | E4, G4, C♯5 | — |
| 59 | Theme 2 | D | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 60 | Theme 2 | E7♭9 | E2, B2 | F4, G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 61 | Theme 2 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 62 | Theme 2 | C♯m7 | C♯2, G♯2 | E4, G♯4, B4 | — |
| 63 | Theme 2 | F♯m7 | F♯2, C♯3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 64 | Theme 2 | E7/B | B1 | E4, G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 65 | Theme 2 | B♭ | B♭2, F3 | F4, B♭4, D5 | — |
| 66 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 67 | Theme 3 | D/A | A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 68 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 69 | Theme 3 | G♯/A | A2 | D♯4, G♯4, B♯4 | — |
| 70 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 71 | Theme 3 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 72 | Theme 3 | D♯dim/E | E2 | F♯4, A4, D♯5 | — |
| 73 | Theme 3 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 74 | Theme 3 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 75 | Theme 3 | D | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 76 | Theme 3 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 77 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 78 | Theme 3 | G♯/A | A2 | G♯4, B♯4, D♯5 | — |
| 79 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 80 | Theme 3 | A7 | A2, E3 | G4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 81 | Theme 3 | D | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 82 | Theme 3 | Dmaj13 | D2, A2 | E4, F♯4, B4, C♯5 | — |
| 83 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 84 | Theme 3 | Asus4 | A2, E3 | E4, A4, D5 | — |
| 85 | Theme 3 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 86 | Theme 3 | B7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D♯5 | — |
| 87 | Theme 3 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 88 | Theme 4 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 89 | Theme 4 | D/A | A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 90 | Theme 4 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 91 | Theme 4 | G♯/A | A2 | D♯4, G♯4, B♯4 | — |
| 92 | Theme 4 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 93 | Theme 4 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 94 | Theme 4 | D♯dim/E | E2 | F♯4, A4, D♯5 | — |
| 95 | Theme 4 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 96 | Theme 4 | Bm7 | B1, F♯2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 97 | Theme 4 | D | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 98 | Theme 4 | E7 | E2, B2 | G♯4, B4, D5 | — |
| 99 | Theme 4 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 100 | Theme 4 | G♯/A | A2 | G♯4, B♯4, D♯5 | — |
| 101 | Theme 4 | A | A2, E3 | A4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 102 | Theme 4 | A7 | A2, E3 | G4, C♯5, E5 | — |
| 103 | Theme 4 | D | D2, A2 | F♯4, A4, D5 | — |
| 104 | Theme 4 | Dmmaj7 | D2, A2 | F4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 105 | Theme 4 | A | A2, E3 | E4, A4, C♯5 | — |
| 106 | Theme 4 | E7 | E2, B2 | D4, G♯4, B4 | — |
| 107 | Theme 4 | A6 | A2, E3 | E4, F♯4, C♯5 | — |